Device to be used in standardizing milks and creams



April 1 1924. 1,488,823

B. l. MASUROVSKY DEVICE To BE usED 1N STANDARDIZING MILKs AND cRzAMs ile April 15. 1922 Patented Apr. l, 1924..

UNITED STATES BENJAMIN I. MASUEOVSKY, OF LINCOLN,

DEVICE T0 BE USED IN STANDARDIZING MILES .AND CBEAIS.

Application nled .April 1S, 1922. Serial No. 552,430.

To all 'whom z't may concern. I

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN MAsUiiovsKY, a subject of Russia, residing at Lincoln, in the county of Lancaster and State f Nebraska, have invented new and useful Improvements in a Device to be Used in Standardizing Milks and Creams, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a slide rule for,

use by dairymen. l

iVith the centralization of milk depots, creameries, and ice cream plants, the necessity for practical methods of standardizing milks and creams becomes essential. Furthermore, the demand for standardized milk products in the feeding of infants and convalescents, requires that the product shall be standardized not only asy regards its butterfat content but also as reIgards its content of non-fat milk solids. n other words, standardization is complete when the required ratio between the non-fat milk solids and butterfat can be established. The fact that the non-fat solids of milks vary with their specific gravity which in turn varies with the butterfat content of the sample, renders it possible to employ a practical method which takes care of the non-fat solids as well as the butterfat in the standardized product.

Heretofore it has been necessary to compute the percentage contents b formula, applying the rule of alligation. This method, however, is time-consuming and generally unsatisfactory, and it is therefore the primary object of the present invention to provide a slide rule by the use of which such calculations may be made inl a more expeditious and more accurate and convenient manner. y

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a plan view of t e slide rule embodying the invention;

Figure 2 is a sectional perspective view of a portion of the body of the rule;

Figure 3 is a plan view of the runnerof the slide rule.

The rule embodying the invention comprises a body indicated in general by the numeral 1, a runner indicated in general by the numeral 2, and a slide indicated`in general by the numeral 3.

The stock 1 of the rule comprises a base 4 having longitudinal side members 5 and scale bearing members 6 which are mounted upon the upper edges of the said members 5 and are beveled so that they are thinned in the direction of their op osing edges. The thinner edges of the scale bearing members 6 over? thereto, an the slide 3 is sli ably mounted u pon the bottom 4 between the upstanding side members 5 and is enga d at its longitudinal edge portions by t e overhanging inner edge portions of the scale bearing members 6.

.The runner 2 comprises a member 7 which slidabl7 fits the stock 1 and is movable longitudina ly thereof and embodies a hair line indicated by the numeral 8, which line extends across tlie top of the rule above the upper sides of the scale bearing members 6 and the upper side of the slide 3.

One of the scale bearing members 6 is provided upon its inclined or beveled upper face, near its outer edge, with a scale indicated b `the numeral 9, and at one end of the sca e the said member 6 bears the abbreviation B. F. f. denoting butterfat factor. The said face of the said member 6 near its inner edge is plrovided with a scale 10, the marks of whic are designated by numerals ranging consecutivel from 1 to 9, the 10th mark of the scale being designated by the ordinal 10, the 20th mark by the ordinal 20, the 30th mark by the ordinal 30, etc. The said member 6 likewise bears at the bottom 4 in s aced relation one end of the scale 10 the abbreviation B. F. denoting butterfat.

The other member 6 bears upon its inclined or beveled u per face near its outer edge a scale 11 divi ed into units and tenths of units which may be suitably designated by ordinals rangin in consecutive order, and at one end of tis scale the said member 6 bears the abbreviation S. N. F. denoting solids not fat, or, as referred to in the resent specification, non-fat solids. The inner ed e portion of the said u per face of the mem er 6 bears a scale 12, the divisions of which are appropriately arranged, the scale comprising main divisions indicated by consecutively arranged ordinals and subdivisions likewise designated. The face of the member 6 bears at one end of this scale the character B denoting one of two logarithmic scales. The slide 3 bears the second of the two logarithmic scales indicated by the numeral 13 and isl designated at one end of the scale by the character A. This scale 13 is positioned relatively close to the scale 12 so that the two may be read in conjunction with each other. A scale 14 is similarly lli arranged upon the face of the slide 3 with relation to the scale 10 and denotes specific gravities, it being so designated by a suitable abbreviation at one end thereof.

In the use of the instrument and in standardizing milk or cream by means of the slide rule embodying the invention, it is necessary to know the percentage of butterat and speciiic gravity of the products to be standardized. The percentage of butterat is determined by the Babcock test, and the specific gravity is determined by thepuse of a Quevenne lactometer.

In employing the rule, the slide 3 bearing the specific gravity scale 14 is slid within the body of the rule until the point o an arrow 15 upon said slide at one end of the scale registers with the known vpercentage of butterfat in the scale 10. This having been done the value designating the non-fat solids may be read ofi' on the scale 11, by bringing the hair line of the slide 3 into registeration with the mark of the specific gravity scale 14 corresponding to the specific gravity of the product to be standardized.

The lowest specific gravity on the slide 3 at the arrow bearing end of the slide is 1.020. The runner 2 facilitates the use of the device, it being adapted to be so positioned or adjusted that the hair line of the runner coincides with the known specific gravity whereupon, after obtaining such adjustment, the butterfat factor may be found on the scale 9 opposite the given butterfat value of the product under consideration.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new is:

A device for use in determining factors for the standardization of milk products comprising relatively movable scale members, one of said members bearing a scale denoting percentages of butterfat and a scale denoting percentages of non-fat solids, the other member bearing a specific gravity scale and an indicating pointer located at a fixed point in the said specific gravit scale determined by calculation from astan ardizing formula expressing the relationship between the butterfat and non-fat solid contents in ratio to the s ecific gravity of- 

